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<a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/lightning-framework" id="hubspot-name" class="link hubspot-editable" data-hubspot-form-id="name" data-hubspot-name="Blog Title"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_name" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_meta_field hs_cos_wrapper_type_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="meta_field" data-hs-cos-type="text">Lightning Framework</span></a> 
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> Sep 1, 2022 9:30:19 AM / by
<a class="author-link" href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/author/polyswarm-tech-team">PolySwarm Tech Team</a>
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<span id="hs_cos_wrapper_post_body" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_meta_field hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="meta_field" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><p><img src="https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=2500&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg" alt="lightning framework_Twitter" width="2500" loading="lazy" style="width: 2500px;" srcset="https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=1250&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg 1250w, https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=2500&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg 2500w, https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=3750&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg 3750w, https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=5000&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg 5000w, https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=6250&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg 6250w, https://blog.polyswarm.io/hs-fs/hubfs/lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg?width=7500&amp;name=lightning%20framework_Twitter.jpg 7500w" sizes="(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px"><br><br><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #6d3aec; font-weight: bold;">Executive Summary<br><br></span><span style="color: #000000;">Intezer recently </span><a href="https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/lightning-framework-new-linux-threat/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>reported</span></a><span style="color: #404041;"><span style="color: #000000;"> on Lightning Framework, a Linux malware with modular plugins and the ability to install rootkits.</span><br><br></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #6d3aec; font-weight: bold;">Key Takeaways</span></p>
<!--more--><ul>
<li style="color: #404041;" aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">Lightning Framework is a modular malware targeting Linux machines.</span></li>
<li style="color: #404041;" aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">It has multiple plugins and is capable of installing rootkits.&nbsp;</span></li>
<li style="color: #404041;" aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">Lightning Framework uses multiple methods to evade detection.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #6d3aec;"><strong>What is Lightning Framework?<br><br></strong></span><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #000000;">Lightning Framework is an intricate modular malware developed to target Linux systems. It is capable of installing rootkits and running various plugins. Lightning Framework gives the threat actors options for both active and passive communication, including opening SSH on victim machines and a polymorphic C2 configuration. Lightning Framework includes several modules described below.</span><br><br></span><span style="color: #434343; font-size: 18px; background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #999999;">Lightning Framework Modules</span></span><strong><span style="color: #434343; font-size: 18px; background-color: transparent;"><br><br></span></strong><span style="color: #000000;"><strong style="background-color: transparent;">Lightning.Downloader<br></strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">Lightning.Downloader, named kbioset on disk, is a persistent module that downloads the core module and plugins. It also executes the core module. Lightning Framework uses typosquatting and masquerading to evade detection.<br><br></span><strong style="background-color: transparent;">Lightning.Core<br></strong><span style="background-color: transparent;">Lightning.Core, named kkdmflush on disk, is the main module. It receives commands from the C2 and executes plugin modules. It is capable of hiding artifacts to evade detection and masquerades as a kernel thread. This core module maintains persistence by creating a script that is executed on system boot. Core module commands include the following:</span></span>
<ul>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">SystemInfo - fingerprints the machine</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">PureShellCommand - runs Shell command</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">RunShellPure - starts the Linux.Plugin.Lightning.Sshd plugin</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">CloseShellPure -&nbsp; terminates Linux.Plugin.Lightning.Sshd&nbsp;</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">Disconnect - exits the core module</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">GetRemotePathInfo - collects the summary of a given path</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">KeepAlive - no action performed, but the connection remains alive</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">UploadFileHeader - checks file access</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">FileEdit - gets file contents and time meta</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">TryPassSSH - adds a public key to root/.ssh/authorized_keys</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">DeleteVecFile - deletes a file or path</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">PreDownloadFile - calculates a file’s checksum</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">DownloadFile - sends a file to the C2</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">DeleteGuid - deletes Lightning Framework</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">UpdateVersion - calls the Downloader module to update the framework</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">UpdateRemoteVersion - updates the framework</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">Socks5 - sets up a Socks5 proxy</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">RestorePlug - performs the same as UpdateVersion</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">GetDomainSetting - fetiches malleable C2 configuration file contents</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">SetDomainSetting - updates malleable C2 configuration file contents</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">InstallKernelHide - fetches OS release&nbsp;</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">RemoveKernelHide - removes kernel module</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">UpdateKernelVersion - removes kernel module and runs <em>uname -r</em></span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">OverrideFile - overwrites a file</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">UploadFileContent - writes data sent from the server to a file</span></li>
<li aria-level="1"><span style="color: #000000;">LocalPluginRequest - writes the LD_PRELOAD rootkit or LKM rootkit</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.SsHijacker<br></strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.SsHijacker, named soss on disk, is referenced but not found.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.Sshd<br></strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.Sshd, named sshod on disk, is OpenSSH with hardcoded private and host keys.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Pugin.Lightning.Nethogs<br></strong>Linux.Pugin.Lightning.Nethogs, named nethoogs on disk, is referenced but not found. According to Intezer, it is presumably Nethogs.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.iftop<br></strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.iftop, named iftoop on disk, is referenced but not found. According to Intezer, it is presumably iftop.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.iptraf<br></strong>Linux.Plugin.Lightning.iptraf, named iptraof on disk, is referenced but not found. According to Intezer, it is presumably IPTraf.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Plugin.RootkieHide<br></strong>Linux.Plugin.RootkieHide, named libsystemd.so.2 on disk, is referenced but not found. Intezer notes it refers to LD_PRELOAD Rootkit.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Linux.Plugin.Kernel<br></strong>Linux.Plugin.Kernel, named elasticsearch.ko on disk, is referenced but not found. Intezer notes it refers to LKM Rootkit.</span><br><br><span style="font-size: 18px; color: #999999; font-weight: normal;">Lightning Framework C2 Communication<br><br></span><span style="color: #000000;">The Core and Downloader modules communicate with the C2 over TCP sockets, with the data structured in JSON. C2 information is stored in a polymorphic encoded configuration file that is unique each time it is created. This makes the configuration file difficult to detect, as hashes cannot be used for detection. The threat actor can also choose to use passive communication by executing the RunShellPure command. This uses the Linux.Plugin.Lightning.Sshd to start an SSH service on the victim machine. The OpenSSH daemon&nbsp; has hardcoded private and host keys, allowing the threat actor to SSH into the machine with their own SSH key, creating a secondary backdoor.</span><br><br><span style="color: #000000;">Intezer stated they had not yet observed Lightning Framework being used for attacks in the wild.</span><br><br><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #6d3aec; font-weight: bold;">IOCs<br><br></span><span style="color: #000000;">PolySwarm has multiple samples associated with Lightning Framework.<br><br><a href="https://polyswarm.network/scan/results/file/48f9471c20316b295704e6f8feb2196dd619799edec5835734fc24051f45c5b7" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">48f9471c20316b295704e6f8feb2196dd619799edec5835734fc24051f45c5b7</a>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><a href="https://polyswarm.network/scan/results/file/ad16989a3ebf0b416681f8db31af098e02eabd25452f8d781383547ead395237" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #6d3aec; text-decoration: underline;">ad16989a3ebf0b416681f8db31af098e02eabd25452f8d781383547ead395237</span></span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://polyswarm.network/scan/results/file/fd285c2fb4d42dde23590118dba016bf5b846625da3abdbe48773530a07bcd1e" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #6d3aec; text-decoration: underline;">fd285c2fb4d42dde23590118dba016bf5b846625da3abdbe48773530a07bcd1e</span></span></a><br><br><br><span style="color: #000000;">You can use the following CLI command to search for all LightningFramework samples in our portal:</span></p>
<p><strong><em><span style="color: #404041;"><span style="color: #000000;">$ polyswarm link list -f LightningFramework</span><br><br><span>Don’t have a PolySwarm account? Go&nbsp;<a href="https://polyswarm.network/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">here</a>&nbsp;to sign up for a free Community plan or to subscribe.<br><br>Contact us at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:hivemind@polyswarm.io" style="text-decoration: underline;">hivemind@polyswarm.io</a>&nbsp;| Check out our&nbsp;<a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">blog</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href="https://polyswarm.io/ransomwarereport/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">Subscribe</a>&nbsp;to our reports</span><br></span></em></strong></p></span>
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<p id="hubspot-topic_data"> Topics:
<a class="topic-link" href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/topic/threat-bulletin">Threat Bulletin</a>,
<a class="topic-link" href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/topic/linux">Linux</a>,
<a class="topic-link" href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/topic/lightning-framework">Lightning Framework</a>
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<h4>Written by <a class="author-link" href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/author/polyswarm-tech-team">PolySwarm Tech Team</a></h4>         
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/wiper">Wiper <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(4)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/backdoor">Backdoor <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/critical-infrastructure">Critical Infrastructure <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/interview">Interview <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/leadership">Leadership <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/north-korea">North Korea <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/stealer">Stealer <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/threat-hunting">Threat Hunting <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(3)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/android">Android <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/caddywiper">CaddyWiper <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cobalt-strike">Cobalt Strike <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/ddos">DDoS <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/hive">Hive <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/icedid">IcedID <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/industroyer2">Industroyer2 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/iran">Iran <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lockbit">LockBit <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/malware">Malware <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/python">Python <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/rust">Rust <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/sandworm">Sandworm <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/speaking">Speaking <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/telecommunications">Telecommunications <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/threat-bounty">Threat Bounty <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/voodoobear">Voodoobear <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(2)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/net-dns-backdoor">.NET DNS Backdoor <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/alphv">ALPHV <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/apt">APT <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/apt29">APT29 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/apt36">APT36 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/apt41">APT41 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/aws">AWS <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/acidrain">AcidRain <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/aerospace">Aerospace <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/arguepatch">ArguePatch <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/armageddon">Armageddon <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/atomic-wallet">Atomic Wallet <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/avoslocker">AvosLocker <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/axiom">Axiom <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bh_a006">BH_A006 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bpfdoor">BPFDoor <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/banking">Banking <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bazaloader">BazaLoader <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bazarbackdoor">BazarBackdoor <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bazarloader">BazarLoader <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/belarus">Belarus <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/black-basta">Black Basta <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/blackbyte">BlackByte <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/blackcat">BlackCat <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/blackmatter">BlackMatter <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bokbot">BokBot <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/boratrat">BoratRAT <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/brute-ratel">Brute Ratel <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/bumblebee">Bumblebee <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cms">CMS <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cve-2022-26134">CVE-2022-26134 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cve-2022-30190">CVE-2022-30190 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/canopy">Canopy <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/caprarat">CapraRAT <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cerber">Cerber <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cerber2021">Cerber2021 <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cerberimposter">CerberImposter <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/chocolatey">Chocolatey <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/clipping-switching">Clipping &amp; Switching <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cozy-bear">Cozy Bear <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cozyduke">CozyDuke <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cozycar">Cozycar <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/crypto-wallet">Crypto Wallet <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cryptominer">Cryptominer <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/cryware">Cryware <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/dark-halo">Dark Halo <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/darkside">DarkSide <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/daxin">Daxin <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/deed-rat">Deed RAT <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/defense">Defense <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/defense-vertical">Defense Vertical <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/denonia">Denonia <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/dnssystem">DnsSystem <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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        <li style="display:none;">
          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/downloader-climax-a">Downloader.Climax.A <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/downloader-climax-b">Downloader.Climax.B <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/dukes">Dukes <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/enemybot">Enemybot <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/europe">Europe <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/first-seen">First Seen <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/follina">Follina <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/foxblade">FoxBlade <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/gallium">Gallium <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/gameredon">Gameredon <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/gaza">Gaza <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/gaza-cyber-gang">Gaza Cyber Gang <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/gwisinlocker">GwisinLocker <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/havanacrypt">HavanaCrypt <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/healthcare">Healthcare <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/hermeticransom">HermeticRansom <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/hermeticwiper">HermeticWiper <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/hermeticwizard">HermeticWizard <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/hexane">Hexane <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/iis">IIS <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/india">India <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/iot">IoT <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/isaacwiper">IsaacWiper <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/jester-stealer">Jester Stealer <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/katana">Katana <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/keylogging">Keylogging <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lnk-worm">LNK Worm <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lambda">Lambda <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lazarus">Lazarus <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lazarus-group">Lazarus Group <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lightning-framework">Lightning Framework <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lilith">Lilith <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lilithcrypt">Lilithcrypt <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/lolbins">LoLbins <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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          <a href="https://blog.polyswarm.io/tag/loader">Loader <span class="filter-link-count" dir="ltr">(1)</span></a>
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